What are ESL program models?
ESL Program Models
ESL programs can accommodate students from different language backgrounds in the same class, and teachers do not need to be proficient in the home language(s) of their students. ESL class period is generally used in middle school settings.
English Immersion
This model is often used to provide intensive content instruction to ELs by trained ELTs who provide extensive scaffolding and differentiation based on language needs.
All effective instructional programs for ELLs have three essential components: English as a second language instruction, content-area instruction, and primary language sup- port. Table 5.1 highlights each of these components with their various options.
Team Teaching Model
It is important that the team teaching occur in the curriculum areas in which ELLs would need the most language support. Because this model involves so much time in one classroom, it is most often used in schools with large populations of ELLs.
There are three models of curriculum design: subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered design.
These phases include Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate.
- ESL pull-out.
- ESL class period.
- The ESL resource center.
Transitional Bilingualism/Dual Immersion
This design is the most inclusive ELL program design. It puts both English language learners and native English speakers at the same level.
- Communicative language teaching (CLT)
- Task-based language teaching (TBLT)
- Content and language integrated learning (CLIL)
- Cooperative Language Learning (CLL)
- The Direct Method.
- Grammar-Translation.
- Audiolingualism.
- Total Physical Response.
Typically, emergent bilinguals enroll in programs intended to ensure English Language Acquisition and Development, such as Content Based ESL, Sheltered Instruction, or Push In/Pull Out English as a Second Language Courses, English Immersion and Transitional Bilingual Programs.
What is El education model?
EL Education (formerly known as Expeditionary Learning) is a school reform model that emphasizes high achievement through active learning, character growth, and teamwork. EL Education grew out of a partnership between Harvard Graduate School of Education and Outward Bound, USA.
Some of the notable cognitive theories of second-language acquisition include the nativization model, the multidimensional model and processability theory, emergentist models, the competition model, and skill-acquisition theories.

- Focus on academic language, literacy and vocabulary. ...
- Link background knowledge and culture to learning. ...
- Increase comprehensible input and language output. ...
- Promote classroom interaction. ...
- Stimulate higher-order thinking skills and use of learning strategies.
- The Enrichment Model. The aim of the enrichment model is bilingualism and biliteracy. ...
- The Heritage Model. This model is used to support the rejuvenation of an indigenous language. ...
- The Maintenance Model. ...
- The Transitional Model. ...
- What to Look For.
We define a program model in these terms: A strategically defined set of services delivered to a specific target population by a distinct set of staff in order to achieve one or more intended outcomes or results.
ESL programs are designed to make grade level academic content accessible to English learners. ESL programs target English language development, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, through academic content instruction that is linguistically and culturally responsive.
What are the four learning styles? The four core learning styles in the VARK model include visual, auditory, reading and writing, and kinesthetic.
While there are many teaching models, some basic ones are direct instruction, lecture, cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning, seminar and project-based learning.
The 5E model consists of five phases: Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend, and Evaluate.
- Teacher-Centered Instruction. ...
- Small Group Instruction. ...
- Student-Centered / Constructivist Approach. ...
- Project-Based Learning. ...
- Montessori. ...
- Inquiry-Based Learning. ...
- Flipped Classroom. ...
- Cooperative Learning.
What are 3 ELL strategies?
- Cultivate Relationships and Be Culturally Responsive. ...
- Teach Language Skills Across the Curriculum. ...
- Emphasize Productive Language. ...
- Speak Slowly—and Increase Your Wait Time. ...
- Differentiate—and Use Multiple Modalities. ...
- Incorporate Students' Native Languages—and Don't Be Afraid of Technology.
Communicative language teaching is perhaps the most popular approach among the methods of teaching ESL today. CLT emphasizes the students' ability to communicate in real-life contexts, and students learn to make requests, accept offers, explain things, and express their feelings and preferences.
Modeling provides a clear picture in a student's mind as to how to handle the task at hand. Creating a picture in a student's mind will give the student confidence in how to complete the assignment.
Important features of eight second language teaching methods—grammar-translation, direct, audiolingual, the Silent Way, Suggestopedia, community language learning, Total Physical Response, and the communicative approach—are summarized.
Summary of Chapter 2. This chapter provided four theories for how ESL students learn English, which are Behaviorist, Innatist, Cognitivist, and Interactionist.
ADDIE is arguably the most important instructional design model because it provides a universal framework for ID work. All instructional design models follow some variation of a three-step process that includes: Analyzing a situation to determine the instructional need.
The Addie model is an instructional design methodology used to help organize and streamline the production of your course content. Developed in the 1970's, ADDIE is still the most commonly used model for instructional design.
- Hands-on learning activities. Students often thrive when given the opportunity to create something on their own. ...
- Collaborative projects. With collaborative projects, students get the chance to work with one another toward a common goal. ...
- Experiential learning. ...
- Direct instruction.
The three approaches most commonly used by schools to educate such students, he said, are: Submersion, total immersion, or “sink or swim.” Children who are not proficient in English are placed in the same classroom as native English-speakers, in a regular curriculum without special instruction or extra help.
The Reggio approach emphasises an emergent curriculum that is child-led, emerges from the interests and ideas of the children, and developed through a process of ongoing negotiation with children, teachers and parents (Mawson, 2010).
What is the difference between ESL and EAP?
An English Language Program prepares students for English communication and composition skills. They are often called English for Academic Purpose (EAP) program or English as a Second Language (ESL)program.
Models of educational leadership and management
This work categorises the main theories into six major models: formal, collegial, political, subjective, ambi- guity, and cultural (see Table 1).
The definition of the Expeditionary Learning (EL) philosophy is 'Learning by Doing' and it places a strong focus on student personal responsibility. When students and teachers are engaged in work that is challenging, adventurous and meaningful, learning and achievement flourish.
Theories of language development: Nativist, learning, interactionist.
theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses: the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis, • the Monitor hypothesis, • the Natural Order hypothesis, • the Input hypothesis, • and the Affective Filter hypothesis.
For starters, therefore, consider two perspectives about learning, called behaviorism (learning as changes in overt behavior) and constructivism, (learning as changes in thinking).
Experts suggest taking a four-pronged approach when teaching academic language to ELs by providing opportunities for these students to learn the terminology through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This is best practice with all students, but especially students who are not native English speakers.
- Increase ELL students' English language production and peer interaction. ...
- Explicitly teach English language vocabulary and structures. ...
- Build on ELLs' Background Knowledge to Increase Comprehension. ...
- Increase ELL Parent Involvement.
The three models that provide instruction predominantly in English are the ESL model, the content-based ESL model, and the sheltered instruction model. “In ESL instructional programs, ESL-certified teachers provide explicit language instruction that focuses on the development of proficiency in English.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Grammar Translation Method (GTM), and Total Physical Response (TPR) were the dominant approaches used in EFL classrooms in the Lao schools. Learning activities and strategies from these approaches and methods were the ones seen most frequently in the classroom observations.
What are the two models of English language instruction?
Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Sheltered Instruction (SI) models both integrate English language development with academic content learning using English as the language of instruction.
Inclusive education is a type of teaching model where all students, irrespective of age, language, family background, culture, and special educational ability learn together. Under this, all the students are welcomed by their neighboring schools and supported to take part in all aspects of school life.
the Monitor hypothesis; the Input hypothesis; and the Affective Filter hypothesis; the Natural Order hypothesis.
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